Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows

Blood indicators are used as a tool to diagnose metabolic disorders. The present work was conducted to study the relationships among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function in high-yielding dairy cows. Two groups of Holstein cows were studied: 27 early lactation cows and 14 mid lactation cows from four different herds with similar husbandry characteristics in Galicia, Spain. Blood samples were obtained to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Cows in early lactation had higher levels of BHB and NEFA than mid lactation cows. High lipomobilization (NEFA > 400 micromol/L) was detected in 67% and 7% of early lactation and mid lactation cows, respectively, while subclinical ketosis (BHB > 1.2 mmol/L) was detected in 41% and 28% of the early lactation and lactation cows, respectively. TG concentrations were low in all cows suffering subclinical ketosis and in 61% of the cows with high lipomobilization. During early lactation, 30% of cows suffered hepatic lipidosis as detected by levels of AST. Compromised hepatic function was observed in early lactation cows as shown by lower concentrations of glucose, total protein, and urea.

El control metabólico y la prevalencia de dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus insulino-dependiente / Metabolic control and prevalence of dyslipoproteinemias in insulin-dependent diabetes

Se determinaron los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas en 152 niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus insulino dependiente y en 228 de sus hermanos no diabéticos. Los valores medios de colesterol en los diabéticos *171 ñ 33 mg/dL en los varones y 199 ñ 53 mg/dL en las mujeres) fueron significativamente mayores de los del grupo control (158 ñ 30 mg/dL y 164 ñ 33 mg/dL, respectivamente). Las prevalencias de hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia fueron más altas en los pacientes diabéticos, con significancia estadística sólo para el sexo femenino (40 por ciento vs 12 por ciento, p<0.005 para la primera, y 30 por ciento vs 9 por ciento, p<0.005 para la segunda). El descontrol metabólico se asoció significativamente a incrementos en el colesterol total, colesterol de LDL, triglicéridos y a disminución del colesterol de HDL. Los pacientes bien controlados tuvieron un perfil de lípidos similar al de sus hermanos. Estos datos apoyan la hipótesis de que el descontrol metabólico contribuye a la alta prevalencia de anormalidades lipoproteicas en el paciente diabético; también señalan la necesidad de vigilar periódicamente su patrón lipídico y, especialmente, reforzar el control metabólico y los lineamientos de una alimentación apropiada